Islamophobia in China

Islamophobia in China refers to the set of discourses, behaviors and structures which express feelings of anxiety, fear, hostility and rejection towards Islam and/or Muslims in China.^[1]^[2]

Negative views and attitudes towards Muslims in China are widespread, and some Muslim communities in China face legal restrictions on their ability to practice.^[3] Muslim prisoners in detention centers and internment camps have faced practices such as being force-fed pork.^[4] Prohibitions on fasting during Ramadan are couched in terms of protecting residents' free will.^[5]

In the 21st century, coverage of Muslims in Chinese media has generally been negative,^[6] and Islamophobic content is widespread on Chinese social media.^[7] Anti-Muslim attitudes in China have been tied to both narratives regarding historical conflicts between China and Muslim polities as well as contemporary rhetoric related to terrorism in China and abroad.^[8]^[9]

^ Richardson, Robin (2012), Islamophobia or anti-Muslim racism – or what? – concepts and terms revisited (PDF), p. 7, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-25, retrieved 10 December 2016
^ Hogan, Linda; Lehrke, Dylan (2009). Religion and politics of Peace and Conflict. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 205. ISBN 9781556350672. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "What Ramadan is like in Xinjiang". The Economist. 11 April 2024. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Myers, Steven Lee (2019-09-21). "A Crackdown on Islam Is Spreading Across China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2023-07-25.

[1] Richardson, Robin (2012), Islamophobia or anti-Muslim racism – or what? – concepts and terms revisited (PDF), p. 7, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-25, retrieved 10 December 2016

[:0-2] Hogan, Linda; Lehrke, Dylan (2009). Religion and politics of Peace and Conflict. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 205. ISBN 9781556350672. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2019-10-19.

[:1-3] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:4-4] Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] "What Ramadan is like in Xinjiang". The Economist. 11 April 2024. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2024-04-12.

[:5-6] Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:6-7] Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:7-8] Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[9] Myers, Steven Lee (2019-09-21). "A Crackdown on Islam Is Spreading Across China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2023-07-25.

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